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Considering Self Employment

21 - 09 - 2021

For many entrepreneurs setting up in business, using sole trader status seems the simplest and quickest way to get going. 



Advantages Of Being A Sole Trader

 

For many entrepreneurs setting up in business, using sole trader status seems the simplest and quickest way to get going.

 

• The setup process is relatively straightforward.

 

• The owner can keep control of all decision making and gets to keep all the profits themselves. In other words, there are no other

owners to answer to. This means no constraints on what the business can or can not do (subject to any trading regulations, laws and licences required in any

given market sector).

 

• Sole trader businesses can be created with exceedingly small amounts of capital investment during the start-up phase.

 

• Your money and accounting affairs remain confidential, (as there is not the same legal public disclosure requirement on sole trader

companies as there is on limited liability companies, to publish accounts).

 

 

Disadvantages Of Being A Sole Trader Becoming a sole trader company.

 

• Firstly, they have unlimited liability and personal risk. If the business cannot afford to pay its creditors, it is possible the owner may lose their

 

personal security (such as their home, car or other assets), to reimburse the business debt. This can become a problem when sole traders

 

suffer from cash flow problems, caused by late payments from trade customers.

 

• Because sole traders usually work full time, taking a break or finding cover when they are sick means they can lose business income.

 

• Getting a small business loan can be extremely difficult. British banks have already clamped down on the levels of approved business loans

 

and asset finance lending. Banks demand personal security from sole traders, while offering harsher business lending criteria. This is due to

the fact in a recession; more sole traders tend to go out of business, when compared to limited liability companies.

 

• Obtaining new business sales from larger customers can sometimes be difficult, because of the lack of credibility associated with sole trader status.

 

• Lastly, securing trade credit or volume discounts for raw materials can be difficult to obtain, due to generally low economies of scale.

 

Sole Trader Tax

 

• As a sole trader, any income generated will be counted alongside your personal income, (making tax affairs relatively straightforward).

 

• Your annual self-assessment tax form must be backed up by accurate records including invoices for any work undertaken, and receipts for

 

allowable overheads incurred.

 

• You will be liable for Class 2 and Class 4 National Insurance contributions.

 

• You may be eligible for a Small Earnings Exemption if your income is relatively small.

 

• You must also register for VAT once your sales turnover reaches a certain level. Accounting for VAT can seem daunting at first. So it is prudent

 

to seek professional accounting advice regarding record-keeping and VAT calculations.

 

• Although your tax affairs are linked with any other personal income, it is still wise to open a separate sole trader bank account.

This makes your accounting simpler and transparent for revenue recognition.

 

• There may also be capital allowances available against income, depending upon the type of machinery and assets required to maintain the business.

 

As a sole trader you do not have to get your accounts reviewed, if you do not want to. However you may consider doing so, if the cost is considered

reasonablet, as it can help in dealings with HMRC.  It may also help you if you need confirmation of income from your business -

 

for example, to get a mortgage to buy a house or make contributions to some personal pensions.

 



 

Foremans can support you with:

Help manage business cash flow and your own income

 

Do all paperwork correctly first time

 

Make sure all deadlines are met with HMRC

 

Provide Tax advice on business income & expenses

 

Liaise with third parties

 

Provide you with monthly report that allows you to reserve sufficient funds for future tax payments, business development and ongoing commitments.

 

Full Accountancy services to keep you on track, including:-

 

• Book Keeping

 

• Tax Returns

 

• Annual Account preparations

 

• VAT returns (if applicable)

We support you, and            YOU CONCENTRATE ON RUNNING YOUR BUSINESS

To discuss our packages and how we can support you

contactus@foremansllp.com



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WEEKLY INCOME INFORMATION

Number Of Weeks
Tax Code
Primary Hours
Primary Rate In £
Secondary Hours
Secondary Rate In £
Other Hours
Other Rate In £
Weekly Bonus In £
Total Anticipated
Income For A Week
-
Anticipated Annual
Pre Tax Income
-
NORMAL WEEKLY EXPENSES
Miles Per Week
Other Expenses Per Week
Annual Mileage
-
Mileage Expenses
-
Total Annual Expenses
-
FLAT RATE VAT

Choose the Industry Sector that you work in. Use the drop down menu in the usual way.

The VAT Flat Rate Applied -

WARNINGS

-

 

Get Alerts. The law changes!

RESULTS TABLES

COMPARISON TABLE FOR NET INCOME

BUSINESS STRUCTURE
CORPORATE
SOLE TRADERS
UMBRELLA
AGENCY
Post Tax Weekly Pay
-
-
-
-
Avarage Hourly Take Home Pay
-
-
-
-
Annual Take Home Pay
-
-
-
-
Plus Taxed Holiday Pay Fund Less Higher Rate Dividend Tax
-
-
-
-
Annual Take Home Pay
-
-
-
-

RELATIVE INCOME BY STRUCTURE

BUSINESS STRUCTURE
CORPORATE
SOLE TRADERS
UMBRELLA
AGENCY
Measured against PSC
Measured against PSC
Measured against PSC
Worse off
Weekly by :-
-
-
-
-
Worse Off
Annually by :-
-
-
-
-
Measured against AGENCY
Measured against AGENCY
Measured against AGENCY
Worse off
Weekly by :-
-
-
-
-
Worse Off
Annually by :-
-
-
-
-

Fixed Data

PAYE

Tax Code L between 0 and 999.
0
Tax Rate
Personal Allowance
£11500.00
0.00%
Lower
£0.00
0.00%
Basic up to
£33500.00
20.00%
Higher above
£33501.00
40.00%

Statutory rates

National Minimum Wage
£7.50
Holiday Pay
10.77%
Mileage Rates
Per Mile
Up to 10,000 miles
£0.45
10,000 miles
£0.25

CIS

Rate
Percentage
Gross
0.00%
Standard
20.00%
Higher
30.00%

Corporation tax

Small Company Tax Rate
19.00%

National insurance

Primary Threshold
£8164.00
Secondary Threshold
£8164.00
Employers NI between PT and UEL
13.80%
Employees NI above UEL
12.00%
Employees NI
2.00%
Class 4 NI between LPL and UPL
9.00%
Class 4 NI above UPL
2.00%
Class 2 NI
£2.85
Annual LEL
£5880.00
Annual UEL / class 4 upper profits
£45000.00
Class 4 Annual lower profits limit
£8164.00
Weekly PT
£157.00
Weekly LEL
£113.00
Weekly UEL
£866.00

UMBRELLA COMPANY

Holiday pay accrual
 
Is Holiday Pay being accrued?
Yes

AGENCY INFORMATION

Agency Uplift Applied
10.00%

Assumptions



General                                                                                                                              

  • The user is over 21 and subject to tax in the UK
  • The user wishes to minimise their tax liability
  • The user is subject to national insurance i.e.he/she is not over retirement age
  • Only current tax rates and limits are applied
  • No tax mitigation payments are made e.g. pension contributions
  • Only 3 digit letter 'L' tax codes shown in the drop down list can be entered 
  • The user does not have a turnover greater than £100,000 where fewer reliefs and or higher taxes may apply

Expenses

  • All miles claimed as expenses are for business use using a personally owned car or van
  • All other expenses claimed are wholly, necessarily and where appropriate exclusively for the benefit of the business

Foremans LLP Charges

  • Foremans fees associated with Limited Company, Sole Trader or Umbrella are as per published rates
  • Foremans current Service Costs are allowed for in all calculations.

Holiday Pay

  • Holiday pay is accumulated week by week by Umbrella or Agency employer but paid out during the year

VAT

  • Limited Company or Sole Trader will be VAT registered
  • Limited Company or Sole Trader will take advantage of Flat rate VAT
  • Flat rate applied includes the benefit of the additional 1% applicable to the first year of VAT registration

Limited Company Conditions

  • One director / one shareholder in a Personal Service Company
  • Director of Personal Service Company elects to vote for 100% dividend after salary, costs and expenses
  • Director's salary is maximum salary to the primary threshold for NI
  • The Limited Company is trading normally i.e it is not subject to IR35 and is not a Managed Service Company

NOTES

  • The Current tax rates are taken from the Fixed Data Table
  • The current Value Added Tax Rate is 20% and is applied to all invoices and expenses as appropriate
  • The Director's Salary is fixed in relation to National Insurance thresholds. Higher Rate Taxpayers should consider the advantages and disadvantages of a larger annual salary or bonus
  • Higher Rate Taxpayers may wish to consider the advantages and disadvantages of shared ownership of their business
  • Users with a tax code other than three digits and letter "L" may telephone or email our Development Department to request a detailed calculation
  • Generally the use of an Umbrella rather than an Agency payroll is only efficient if sufficient weekly expenses are allowable and claimed
  • The expenses claimed under an Umbrella should not prevent the proper operation of National Minimum Wage
“Outstanding and clever tax calculator. I cannot believe this is actually free. We are an umbrella company and we use this calculator all the time”
Dave Wilde, Foremans (UK) Limited
Foremans LLP
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